Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phospho-mimic βIII-tubulin rescues microtubule and cardiac defects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice.

Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology·2026
Same author

Machine learning-based multimodal biomarkers enable accurate diagnosis and early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Injury-induced connexin 43 expression regulates endothelial wound healing.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2025
Same author

A connexin 43 targeting peptide prevents blood vessel neointima formation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiome in response to diets differing in glycemic load in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2025
Same author

Injury Induced Connexin 43 Expression Regulates Endothelial Wound Healing.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Mechanistic insights into acetylated histone recognition by the CECR2 bromodomain.

The Biochemical journal·2026
Same journal

Nanobodies against Plasmodium adhesins that block receptor engagement and malaria parasite invasion.

The Biochemical journal·2026
Same journal

Persistence without turnover: the RhoG G12E mutant highlights the role of nucleotide cycling in RhoG signaling.

The Biochemical journal·2026
Same journal

Alternative Splicing of Rice Chloroplastic CuZn Superoxide Dismutase, OsCSD2: Impact on expression and protein characteristics.

The Biochemical journal·2026
Same journal

Difference and similarity between the ubiquitous secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPases, SERCA2b, and SPCA1a.

The Biochemical journal·2026
Same journal

A molecular perspective on dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases structure and function.

The Biochemical journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
09:20

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption

Published on: October 4, 2019

Connexin43 phosphorylation: structural changes and biological effects.

Joell L Solan1, Paul D Lampe

  • 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M5C800 Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

The Biochemical Journal
|March 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphorylation dynamically regulates connexin43, a key protein in vertebrate gap junctions, influencing its structure and function. This impacts cell communication, development, and tissue homeostasis, particularly in the heart and skin.

More Related Videos

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 16, 2013

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System
04:47

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System

Published on: May 22, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
09:20

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption

Published on: October 4, 2019

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 16, 2013

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System
04:47

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System

Published on: May 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Vertebrate gap junctions are formed by connexin proteins, essential for embryonic development, cell communication, and tissue homeostasis.
  • Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant connexin, playing vital roles in excitable cells, growth, and differentiation.
  • Cx43 phosphorylation is a dynamic process affecting multiple stages of its life cycle and regulating gap junction function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how phosphorylation affects connexin43 structure and function.
  • To elucidate the regulatory role of connexin43 phosphorylation in gap junction biology.
  • To emphasize the significance of these phosphorylation events in cardiac and skin tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating connexin43 phosphorylation.
  • Analysis of research on kinase involvement and dynamic changes in Cx43 phosphorylation.
  • Focus on structural and functional consequences of phosphorylation in specific tissues.

Main Results:

  • Phosphorylation impacts connexin43 hemichannel oligomerization, membrane export, activity, and gap junction assembly.
  • Dynamic phosphorylation regulates gap junction channel gating and connexin degradation, consistent with its short half-life (1-5 hours).
  • Various kinases modulate connexin43 phosphorylation, leading to altered gap junction communication.

Conclusions:

  • Connexin43 phosphorylation is a critical regulatory mechanism for gap junction communication.
  • Understanding these phosphorylation events is key to comprehending connexin43's role in heart and skin biology.
  • Dynamic regulation of connexin43 by phosphorylation is essential for maintaining tissue function and development.