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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to force01:25

Introduction to force

Consider water flowing from a nozzle to a turbine vane. As the water hits the turbine vane, it exerts a force that causes it to move along the flow of direction. Force is an impact that changes an object's motion, shape, or orientation. Forces can be caused by physical contact, such as a push or pull, or through non-contact interactions, such as magnetic or gravitational forces. Force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, and is measured in newtons (N) in the SI unit system.
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Introduction to Scalars01:21

Introduction to Scalars

Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts 50 min," or "the gas tank in my car holds 65 L," or "the distance between the two posts is 100 m." A physical quantity that can be specified completely in this manner is called a scalar quantity. The word "scalar" is a synonym for "number." Time, mass, distance, length, volume, temperature, and energy are some examples of scalar quantities.
Scalar...
Kirchoff's Rules: Application01:22

Kirchoff's Rules: Application

Kirchhoff's rules quantify the current flowing through a circuit and the voltage variations around the loop in a circuit. Applying Kirchhoff's rules generates a set of linear equations that allow us to find the unknown values in circuits. These may be currents, voltages, or resistances.
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Free-falling Bodies: Introduction01:07

Free-falling Bodies: Introduction

All objects, neglecting air resistance, fall with the same acceleration towards the Earth's center due to the force exerted by the Earth's gravity. This experimentally determined fact is unexpected because we are so accustomed to the effects of air resistance and friction that we expect light objects to fall slower than heavier ones. People believed that a heavier object had a greater acceleration when falling until Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) proved otherwise. We now know this is not the case.
Introduction to Statistics01:17

Introduction to Statistics

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology
04:42

Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

Published on: October 1, 2007

Introductory remarks.

David R Rubinow

    Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
    |March 25, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is challenging to research due to a lack of clear physiological causes. New models are emerging to help understand this cyclic disorder related to menstruation.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive endocrinology
    • Gynecological health
    • Women's health research

    Background:

    • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) presents diagnostic and research challenges.
    • No definitive physiological basis for PMS has been established.
    • Symptoms exhibit cyclic recurrence, worsening during the luteal phase.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the difficulties in studying Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
    • To introduce novel approaches for PMS research.
    • To facilitate a better understanding of PMS pathophysiology.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current understanding of PMS.
    • Exploration of emerging research models for PMS.
    • Analysis of symptom patterns and hormonal correlations.

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    Dissection of Imaginal Discs from 3rd Instar Drosophila Larvae
    07:36

    Dissection of Imaginal Discs from 3rd Instar Drosophila Larvae

    Published on: February 17, 2007

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    Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

    Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology
    04:42

    Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

    Published on: October 1, 2007

    Dissection of Imaginal Discs from 3rd Instar Drosophila Larvae
    07:36

    Dissection of Imaginal Discs from 3rd Instar Drosophila Larvae

    Published on: February 17, 2007

    Main Results:

    • The study highlights the complexity of PMS etiology.
    • Existing research models are insufficient for comprehensive PMS study.
    • New models show promise for advancing PMS understanding.

    Conclusions:

    • Studying PMS is complicated by the absence of a clear physiological lesion.
    • Cyclic symptom patterns linked to the menstrual cycle are characteristic of PMS.
    • Development of new research models is crucial for future PMS studies.