Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Implementation of Health Insurance Navigation for Racial/Ethnic Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men Presenting for Community-Based HIV Testing.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)·2026

Same author

VALIDITY IN DESIGN SCIENCE.

MIS quarterly : management information systems·2026

Same author

Commentary: Impact of resistance training intensity on body composition and nutritional intake among college women with overweight and obesity: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in public health·2025

Same author

The ITEM Ontology: A Tool to Elucidate the Anatomy of Psychometric Indicators.

Information systems research : ISR·2025

Same author

Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines and Hybrid Immunity in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Symptomatic COVID-19 Among Adults in the United States.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025

Same author

Evaluating analytic models for individually randomized group treatment trials with complex clustering in nested and crossed designs.

Statistics in medicine·2024

Same journal

The Edge of the Blade: A 21st-Century Commissioned Corps.

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)·2026

Same journal

Multimethod Analysis of Potential Disease Intervention Career Pathways at US Undergraduate Institutions.

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)·2026

Same journal

Community-Based <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Screening to Identify Gastric Cancer Risk Among Korean-Born Adults in the United States.

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)·2026

Same journal

Corrigendum to "Decline in Fentanyl-Related Overdose Deaths and Subsequent Change in Decedent Demographic Characteristics: Trends in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 2023-2025".

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)·2026

Same journal

Public Awareness and Acceptance of Wastewater Surveillance in the United States, June 2024.

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)·2026

Same journal

Experiential and Structural Determinants of Communicable Disease Reporting Among Health Care Providers in Alameda County, California.

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Assessing mediation in HIV intervention studies.

Felicia P Hardnett¹, Sherri L Pals, Craig B Borkowf

¹Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Quantitative Sciences and Data Management Branch, Atlanta, USA. fhardnett@cdc.gov

Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

|March 27, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Asymmetric confidence limits (ACLs) offer a statistically powerful method for mediation analysis, identifying more mediating factors than traditional approaches. This technique provides effect sizes, enhancing intervention assessment.

More Related Videos

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Psychology
Biostatistics
Public Health

Background:

Mediation analysis assesses psychosocial constructs targeted by interventions for behavior change.
The causal steps method, a common mediation assessment approach, may lack statistical power.
Alternative methods include difference in coefficients and product of coefficients.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe three standard mediation assessment methods: causal steps, difference in coefficients, and product of coefficients.
To demonstrate the application of asymmetric confidence limits (ACLs) for mediation testing.
To compare ACLs with traditional methods using intervention trial data.

Main Methods:

Comparison of asymmetric confidence limits (ACLs) with causal steps and product of coefficients approaches.
Analysis of data from the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial.
Utilizing asymmetric confidence limits for mediation effect assessment.

Main Results:

ACL construction identified previously unrecognized mediating factors.
A marginally significant suppressor variable was detected, indicating unintended intervention effects.
ACLs proved more effective in uncovering mediation compared to traditional methods.

Conclusions:

Asymmetric confidence limits (ACLs) are preferred for mediation analysis due to superior statistical power.
ACLs provide informative results regardless of intervention significance on the outcome.
ACLs quantify the magnitude of mediating effects, offering more than a binary significance decision.