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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Health Literacy01:21

Health Literacy

Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

Barriers to Effective Communication I

A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
Communication barriers include the following:
Physiological barriers: They are limitations caused by a person's health condition or disability, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, or unconsciousness. An example to overcome this barrier...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Dyslexia: bridging the gap between hearing and reading.

Mark T Wallace1

  • 1Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. mark.wallace@vanderbilt.edu

Current Biology : CB
|March 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New research shows that changes in brain networks for phonological processing in dyslexia are linked to difficulties matching speech sounds to visual representations. This finding offers insight into reading impairments.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Dyslexia is a common learning disorder affecting reading ability.
  • Phonological processing is crucial for reading acquisition.
  • Previous research suggested but lacked empirical evidence for brain network changes in dyslexia.

Discussion:

  • This study presents the first empirical evidence connecting altered brain network function in phonological processing with visual-speech sound matching deficits in dyslexia.
  • Investigated dyslexic subjects to identify neural correlates of reading difficulties.
  • Findings highlight the role of specific brain networks in the pathophysiology of dyslexia.

Key Insights:

  • Empirical evidence links changes in brain networks for phonological processing to visual-speech sound matching deficits in dyslexia.

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  • Identified specific neural alterations associated with reading impairments.
  • Provides a neurobiological basis for understanding reading difficulties in dyslexia.

    • Outlook:

    • Future research should explore interventions targeting these brain networks.
    • Further investigation into the precise mechanisms of visual-speech sound integration in dyslexia is warranted.
    • This work may inform the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for dyslexia.