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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Videos

Micronutrients and older adults.

Mary Marian1, Gordon Sacks

  • 1University of Arizona-College of Medicine and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA. mmarian@u.arizona.edu

Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|March 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

As the global population ages, older adults face increased risks of poor nutrition due to physiological changes. Suboptimal intake of essential vitamins and minerals is a common concern in this demographic.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Global population is increasingly aging.
  • Aging involves physiological and psychological changes impacting nutrition and healthcare needs.
  • Older adults face numerous risk factors for inadequate nutrient intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the nutritional challenges faced by the growing elderly population.
  • To identify factors contributing to poor nutrient intake in older adults.
  • To underscore the prevalence of suboptimal micronutrient consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on aging and nutrition.
  • Analysis of factors influencing nutrient intake in seniors.
  • Synthesis of data on micronutrient deficiencies in the elderly.

Main Results:

  • Aging is linked to physiological and psychological shifts affecting nutritional status.
  • Multiple factors contribute to the risk of poor nutrient intake among older adults.
  • Commonly reported issue is suboptimal intake of specific vitamins and minerals.

Conclusions:

  • The increasing aging population presents significant nutritional considerations.
  • Addressing factors that lead to poor nutrient intake is crucial for elderly health.
  • Prevalence of suboptimal micronutrient intake requires attention and potential interventions.