Factors influencing exercise participation by clients in long-term care

Lack of participation in regular physical activity by the frail elderly is associated with a decline in physical functioning and an inability to carry out activities of daily living. This in turn, poses greater demands on nursing care that may be required by the client. This study explored factors that influence exercise adherence in frail elderly clients who are living in a long-term care facility. Twelve long-term care clients (5 males and 7 females), aged 74-95 years, participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their activity patterns (sedentary controls and regular exercisers) and completed a brief questionnaire addressing factors that have been associated with exercise adherence. Data analysis revealed two key factors which determined whether or not clients participated in physical activity programs. The amount of social support provided by significant others and the extent of chronic pain experienced by the client were the best predictors of engagement in regular exercise. Incorporating an understanding of these factors into nursing practice can help the nurse encourage regular physical activity in patients who are living in a long-term care setting. This in turn will help the client maintain his or her ability to carry out activities of daily living.