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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
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Overview
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
10:03

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Published on: September 30, 2014

Water dynamics and interactions in water-polyether binary mixtures.

Emily E Fenn1, David E Moilanen, Nancy E Levinger

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals distinct water molecule behaviors in poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) solutions using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. Water molecules interact either with other water molecules or with the PEO ether backbone, showing unique dynamic relaxation patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) is a versatile polymer with applications in membranes, crystallization, and medical devices.
  • PEO's unique properties stem from its interactions with water, forming hydrogen bonds.
  • Dynamic studies of PEO-water interactions are scarce, particularly concerning ether oxygen versus hydroxyl group interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic interactions of water with the ether backbone of PEO.
  • To differentiate water dynamics associated with the polymer backbone from those of bulk water.
  • To understand water molecule behavior in methyl-terminated PEO derivatives.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrafast infrared polarization-selective pump-probe spectroscopy.
  • Measurement of water's hydroxyl stretching mode.
  • Analysis of vibrational and orientational relaxation dynamics in water/tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDE) mixtures.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct water subensembles were identified: water-water hydrogen-bonded and water-TEGDE associated.
  • Water orientational relaxation showed a fast (picoseconds) and a slow (approx. 20 ps) decay component.
  • These dynamics were observed even at low water concentrations, suggesting water pooling.

Conclusions:

  • Water molecules in PEO solutions exist in distinct dynamic states.
  • The study highlights the specific interactions between water and the PEO ether backbone.
  • Findings provide insights into structural changes and hydrophobic interactions at varying water content.