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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the human psyche...
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations, psychological...
Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences01:28

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

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Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria
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Parental effects in ecology and evolution: mechanisms, processes and implications.

Alexander V Badyaev1, Tobias Uller

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. abadyaev@email.arizona.edu

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Parental effects encompass diverse biological influences on offspring development, integrating inheritance and evolution. Studying these effects offers a unified view of life's complexity and evolutionary dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Parental effects are viewed diversely, from developmental induction to epigenetic inheritance.
  • Existing perspectives highlight their composite nature, involving development, selection, and inheritance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate diverse perspectives on parental effects within a unified evolutionary framework.
  • To elucidate the role of parental effects in linking development, natural selection, and inheritance.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual synthesis of existing theories on parental effects.
  • Evolutionary framework analysis of developmental systems.

Main Results:

  • Parental effects are a dynamic, essential component of the evolutionary continuum.
  • They reliably transfer developmental resources, enabling phenotype modification and evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Parental effects are crucial for understanding the origination and persistence of organismal form and function.
  • Integrating parental effects provides a more realistic view of life's complexity and diversity.