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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

External ventricular drains in pediatric patients.

Quang N Ngo1, Adrianna Ranger, Ram N Singh

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, ON, Canada.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

External ventricular drains (EVDs) are used for pediatric traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, and shunt failure. Complications occurred in 26% of EVD placements, with similar rates regardless of insertion site or patient diagnosis.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • External ventricular drains (EVDs) are crucial for managing intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid diversion in pediatric neurosurgery.
  • Indications and complication profiles of EVDs in pediatric populations require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the primary indications for external ventricular drain (EVD) placement in pediatric patients.
  • To identify and analyze the complications associated with EVD insertion in children.
  • To compare complication rates based on diagnosis and insertion location.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients undergoing EVD placement.
  • Data collected from a tertiary-level children's hospital between 1994 and 2006.
  • Analysis of 96 EVD insertions in 66 pediatric patients.

Main Results:

  • Primary indications included traumatic brain injury (36%), acute hydrocephalus (35%), and ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure (29%).
  • Overall complication rate was 26%, with infection (9.4%) being the most common, often caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.
  • Complication rates were similar for EVDs placed for traumatic brain injury versus hydrocephalus, and for bedside (pediatric critical care unit) versus operating room insertions.

Conclusions:

  • External ventricular drains are frequently indicated for traumatic brain injury, shunt failure, and hydrocephalus in pediatric patients.
  • The overall complication rate of 26% highlights the need for careful management and monitoring.
  • Insertion location (pediatric critical care unit vs. operating room) and primary diagnosis (TBI vs. hydrocephalus) did not significantly impact complication rates.
  • Prophylactic strategies targeting coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, such as antibiotics or antimicrobial-impregnated catheters, may help reduce infection rates.