Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.While some alleles of a given gene might be observed commonly, other variants...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prevalence and correlates of drug use during incarceration among people with opioid use disorder: A focused decision tree analysis.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2026
Same author

Defining key criteria for microhaplotype locus selection in forensic genetics: Progress and recommendations by the Microhaplotype Working Group.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Biological insights into schizophrenia from ancestrally diverse populations.

Nature·2026
Same author

Use of Complementary and Integrative Health Therapies and Chiropractic Care Among Patients Receiving Long-Term Opioid Therapy in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Journal of integrative and complementary medicine·2025
Same author

Microhaplotypes in forensic genetics: From exploration to application in degraded DNA specimens.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2025
Same author

Sex-biased Gene Expression Underlies Immune Dysfunction in Asthma.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2025
Same journal

Proteins Rich in Prime Mass Residues and Their Role in Cell Biology.

Evolutionary bioinformatics online·2026
Same journal

Hybrid Feature Selection-Based Machine Learning and Deep Learning Framework for Biomarker Prediction From RNA-seq Data During Dengue Fever to Severe Dengue Progression.

Evolutionary bioinformatics online·2026
Same journal

Functional Annotation and Molecular Characterization of a Hypothetical Protein From <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> Through <i>In Silico</i> Approaches: A Potential Therapeutic Target.

Evolutionary bioinformatics online·2026
Same journal

Evolutionary Bioinformatics Expands its Breadth.

Evolutionary bioinformatics online·2026
Same journal

Gene Expression Underlying Teloblast Formation in Leech (Annelida: Hirudinae).

Evolutionary bioinformatics online·2026
Same journal

Computational Optimization of CRISPR-Cas13a sgRNAs Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Gene for SHERLOCK-Based Diagnostics.

Evolutionary bioinformatics online·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat
06:03

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat

Published on: September 20, 2016

ALFRED: an allele frequency database for microevolutionary studies.

Haseena Rajeevan1, Kei-Hoi Cheung, Rohit Gadagkar

  • 1Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA.

Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ALFRED is a web-based database that centralizes dispersed genetic polymorphism data from multiple sources. This resource aids human population genetics research by identifying typed loci and standardizing markers for microevolutionary studies.

Keywords:
ALFREDallele frequencydatabasepolymorphismpopulation sample

More Related Videos

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat
06:03

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat

Published on: September 20, 2016

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Molecular Anthropology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Microevolutionary studies necessitate comprehensive data on genetic polymorphisms across diverse populations.
  • Such data are often fragmented across numerous scientific publications, hindering accessibility and synthesis.
  • The ALFRED database was developed to address this challenge by consolidating scattered genetic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a centralized, web-accessible database for genetic polymorphism data.
  • To facilitate microevolutionary research, particularly in human populations.
  • To serve as a model for similar databases in other species.

Main Methods:

  • Data collection from multiple sources, including scientific literature.
  • Data curation and entry into a structured database.
  • Establishment of links to related external resources.
  • Development of diverse search functionalities and geographical interfaces.

Main Results:

  • ALFRED successfully integrates genetic polymorphism data from various origins.
  • The database provides a unified platform for accessing and analyzing population genetics information.
  • It aids researchers in identifying commonly typed genetic loci across human populations.

Conclusions:

  • ALFRED enhances the study of human population genetics by providing accessible, curated data.
  • The database promotes standardization of genetic markers, focusing research efforts.
  • It serves as a valuable resource for the scientific community and a model for future data management systems.