Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Mixed Reality Technology and Three-Dimensional Printing in Teaching: Heart Anatomy as an Example
Published on: April 18, 2025
Effectiveness of human anatomy education for pharmacy students via the Internet
Aimee L Limpach1, Parham Bazrafshan, Paul D Turner
1Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. alimpach@creighton.edu
Objective:
To evaluate the overall effectiveness of a human anatomy course taught to distance-based and campus-based pharmacy students.
Design:
A retrospective analysis of students' grades and course evaluations from 2003 through 2006 was conducted.
Assessment:
No significant differences in student performance by pathway were found for the 2003-2005 academic years (p > 0.05). However, distance-based students' percentage and letter grades were significantly higher in 2006 (p = 0.013 and p = 0.004 respectively). Comparison of course and instructor evaluations showed that students in the distance course held similar or more positive perceptions of the course than their campus peers.
Conclusions:
Similar performance by campus and distance students enrolled in a human anatomy suggests that a distance-based course can be used successfully to teach human anatomy to pharmacy students.
Related Concept Videos
Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems
