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Related Concept Videos

X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
X-inactivation01:58

X-inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

When X-inactivation meets pluripotency: an intimate rendezvous.

Pablo Navarro1, Philip Avner

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, CNRS, URA2578, F-75015 Paris, France. pnavarro@pasteur.fr

FEBS Letters
|March 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

X-inactivation reprogramming in female mice couples epigenetic regulation with pluripotency. Key factors like Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 control the Xist gene, essential for this process during development.

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Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
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Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation

Published on: November 26, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
12:42

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation

Published on: November 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • X-inactivation is a vital epigenetic process in female mammals.
  • Reprogramming of X-inactivation occurs in early development within pluripotent cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss developmental strategies linking X-inactivation to pluripotency acquisition.
  • To explore the regulation of the Xist gene by pluripotency factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on X-inactivation and pluripotency.
  • Analysis of the regulatory network involving Xist, Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2.

Main Results:

  • X-inactivation reprogramming is coupled with pluripotency in the inner cell mass and primordial germ cells.
  • Pluripotency factors Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 regulate the master gene for X-inactivation, Xist.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental strategies ensure the coordinated regulation of X-inactivation and pluripotency.
  • The interplay between pluripotency factors and the Xist gene is critical for early female development.