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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Anxiety, cognition, and habit: a multiple memory systems perspective.

Mark G Packard¹

¹Department of Psychology, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4235, USA. mgp@psyc.tamu.edu

|March 31, 2009

Summary

Emotional arousal biases rats towards habit memory, influencing hippocampus and dorsal striatum roles. Stress and anxiety promote habit learning, impacting cognitive functions and potentially contributing to disorders like PTSD.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Behavioral Biology

Background:

The mammalian brain utilizes multiple memory systems, with the hippocampus and dorsal striatum supporting cognitive and habit learning, respectively.
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a role in emotion and modulates memory processes in other brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how emotional states influence the brain's use of different memory systems.
To examine the specific effects of emotional arousal and BLA activity on hippocampus-dependent and dorsal striatum-dependent memory.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a dual-solution plus-maze task allowing for both cognitive and habit learning.
Administering acute emotional arousal via stress or anxiogenic drugs before training or retrieval.
Infusing anxiogenic drugs directly into the basolateral amygdala (BLA).

Main Results:

Emotional arousal (stress, predator odor, anxiogenic drugs) biases rats towards dorsal striatal-dependent habit memory.
Direct BLA infusion of anxiogenic drugs also promotes habit memory over cognitive memory.
Anxiogenic drugs in the BLA impair hippocampus-dependent memory, enhancing habit learning by reducing interference.

Conclusions:

Emotional states, particularly anxiety and stress, favor the preferential use of habit memory systems.
This shift towards habit memory, mediated by the BLA, has potential implications for understanding psychopathologies like PTSD and addiction.