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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
Published on: December 15, 2023
Choanal atresia and choanal stenosis
James D Ramsden1, Paolo Campisi, Vito Forte
1ENT Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. james.ramsden@orh.nhs.uk
Abstract:
Congenital narrowing of the nasal airway at the posterior choanae, which can be uni- or bilateral, is an uncommon condition in pediatric patients. The surgical management of choanal atresia varies widely in different centers. This article discusses the different surgical strategies including: dilation and stenting; trans-palatal repair; and transnasal resection utilizing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) techniques. The merits of stents, lasers, CT-guided surgery, and the use of additional agents including mitomycin C are reviewed, as well as the particular problems associated with managing bilateral choanal atresia in neonates.
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