Adipose stem cells and solid organ transplantation

This review will cover the basic research performed with adipose stem cells (ASCs) over the past several years as well as pertinent translational research. The properties of ASCs that make them particularly interesting to the transplant surgeon will then be covered. These properties include regeneration of native tissue, support of microvasculature, and immunomodulation. These properties will undoubtedly expand the future utility of these cells.

Recent literature demonstrates that ASCs are able to differentiate into phenotypes resembling hepatic and pancreatic lineages. In addition, several groups have shown that ASCs possess immunomodulatory properties similar to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Several clinical case reports also suggest that ASCs are an effective treatment option for graft-versus-host disease.

Due to their ability to differentiate into pertinent target lineages, their ability to enhance angiogenesis, and their ability to impact immunologic responses, ASCs may prove clinically useful for the transplant surgeon.