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Pathophysiology of NSS in ADHD.
Augusto Pasini1, Elisa D'agati
1Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. pasini@uniroma2.it
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to neurological soft signs (NSS), which are motor and sensory disorders. Research suggests altered neural networks and dopamine may underlie these signs in children with ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Child Psychology
- Developmental Disorders
Background:
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood behavioral disorder.
- Neurological soft signs (NSS) are frequently observed alongside core ADHD symptoms.
- NSS are subtle motor and sensory deficits without clear brain lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review scientific literature on neurological soft signs (NSS) in ADHD.
- To explore the underlying pathophysiology of NSS in ADHD.
- To investigate the potential role of neural networks and neurotransmitters in NSS associated with ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing scientific research on NSS and ADHD.
- Analysis of studies investigating motor and sensory functions in children with ADHD.
- Examination of neurobiological findings related to NSS in ADHD.
Main Results:
- Evidence supports an association between NSS and ADHD.
- Findings indicate alterations in neural networks responsible for motor control inhibition in ADHD.
- A potential central role for dopamine in these neural circuits is suggested.
Conclusions:
- Altered neural networks for motor control inhibition are implicated in the pathophysiology of NSS in ADHD.
- Dopamine may play a significant role in the neural circuits associated with NSS in ADHD.
- NSS represent a relevant area for understanding ADHD pathophysiology.
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