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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails01:05

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails

Nails are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are hard, protective structures that cover the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes. Nails are composed of specialized keratinized cells and serve various functions, including protection, sensation, and manual dexterity.
The main components of a nail include the following.
Nail Plate: The nail plate is the visible portion of the nail that extends beyond the fingertips or toes. It is a hard, translucent...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

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Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma
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Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma

Published on: January 19, 2024

Dealing with melanonychia.

Antonella Tosti1, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Débora Cadore de Farias

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. antonella.tosti@unibo.it

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|April 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Melanonychia, a nail pigmentation, requires careful management for early subungual melanoma diagnosis. Dermoscopy may aid in identifying lesions needing biopsy, but its full benefit is still under investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Melanonychia presents as brown or black nail plate pigmentation due to melanin.
  • Effective management strategies for melanonychia are challenging.
  • Early diagnosis of subungual melanoma is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes of melanonychia.
  • To discuss the challenges in managing patients with melanonychia.
  • To evaluate diagnostic and management options for nail matrix and bed melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and dermoscopic features of melanonychia.
  • Discussion of excisional biopsy techniques for suspicious lesions.
  • Evaluation of current management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Melanonychia necessitates distinguishing benign causes from subungual melanoma.
  • Clinical and dermoscopic findings can guide biopsy decisions.
  • Management, especially in children, remains an area needing further research.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of nail bed melanoma is the primary goal in melanonychia management.
  • Dermoscopy shows potential utility but requires further validation for screening.
  • Optimal management protocols for melanonychia, particularly in pediatric cases, are not yet established.