Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Antigen Presenting Cells

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Macrophage and T cell produced IL-10 promotes viral chronicity.

PLoS pathogens·2013

Same author

Multiplexed target detection using DNA-binding dye chemistry in droplet digital PCR.

Analytical chemistry·2013

Same author

miR-181 and metabolic regulation in the immune system.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2013

Same author

Inflammation-induced cancer: crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms.

Nature reviews. Cancer·2013

Same author

Th9 Cells Drive Host Immunity against Gastrointestinal Worm Infection.

Immunity·2013

Same author

Role of the intestinal microbiome in liver disease.

Journal of autoimmunity·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: October 12, 2018

Antigen presentation on artificial acellular substrates: modular systems for flexible, adaptable immunotherapy.

Erin R Steenblock¹, Stephen H Wrzesinski, Richard A Flavell

¹Yale University, Malone Engineering Center, 55 Prospect Street, Room 402C, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

|April 7, 2009

Summary

Acellular artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) offer tunable, modular alternatives to cell-based therapies. These synthetic systems show promise for precise vaccine development and adoptive immunotherapy applications.

More Related Videos

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

Published on: April 11, 2011

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

Published on: August 11, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: October 12, 2018

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

Published on: April 11, 2011

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

Published on: August 11, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

Recent advances in T cell and dendritic cell research inform the engineering of synthetic antigen presentation.
Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) are being developed using a bottom-up approach on synthetic substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare acellular artificial antigen-presenting cell (aAPC) technologies.
To evaluate the advantages of acellular aAPCs, including tunability and point-of-care applications.
To discuss the clinical potential of acellular aAPC systems.

Main Methods:

Review of current acellular aAPC technologies.
Analysis of performance data for acellular aAPCs.
Discussion of clinical application strategies.

Main Results:

Acellular aAPCs provide a flexible and modular platform for incorporating diverse stimuli.
These systems offer increased precision compared to traditional cell-based therapies.
Acellular aAPCs can be adapted to mimic physiological signals within safe materials.

Conclusions:

Acellular aAPCs represent a potent alternative to natural cell-based immunotherapies.
They offer enhanced flexibility and modularity for precise therapeutic design.
Potential applications include parenteral administration for active vaccines or ex vivo use in adoptive immunotherapy.