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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Induction of Eryptosis in Red Blood Cells Using a Calcium Ionophore

Induction of Eryptosis in Red Blood Cells Using a Calcium Ionophore

Published on: January 21, 2020

Lithium-induced suicidal erythrocyte death.

J P Nicolay¹, S Gatz, F Lang

¹Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)

|April 7, 2009

Summary

Lithium (Li+) treatment triggers suicidal erythrocyte death, known as eryptosis. This occurs due to increased intracellular calcium levels, impacting red blood cell health.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Hematology
Pharmacology

Background:

Lithium (Li+) is a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder.
Lithium affects calcium (Ca2+) transport systems.
Elevated intracellular Ca2+ can induce eryptosis (erythrocyte suicidal death).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of Li+ on eryptosis.
To determine if Li+ influences phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and cell shrinkage in erythrocytes.

Main Methods:

Erythrocytes from healthy volunteers were analyzed.
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used.
Measurements included cytosolic Ca2+ activity, cell volume, and PS exposure (annexin V binding).

Main Results:

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Li+ (≥ 1 mM) significantly increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity within 3 hours.
Li+ (≥ 1 mM) significantly increased PS exposure within 48 hours.
Li+ enhanced PS exposure induced by glucose depletion.

Conclusions:

Lithium (Li+) induces suicidal erythrocyte death (eryptosis).
This effect is partly mediated by increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity.
Lithium's impact on red blood cells warrants further investigation.