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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Shape-dependent activity of platinum array catalyst.

Vladimir Komanicky1, Hakim Iddir, Kee-Chul Chang

  • 1Safarik University, Faculty of Sciences and, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Kosice 04154, Slovakia. vladimir.komanicky@upjs.sk

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We created platinum catalyst nanoparticles on strontium titanate substrates. Their specific facet arrangements significantly impact oxygen reduction reaction activity, crucial for fuel cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Platinum nanoparticles are vital catalysts, especially for oxygen reduction reactions in fuel cells.
  • Controlling nanoparticle morphology and substrate interaction is key to enhancing catalytic performance.
  • Understanding facet-specific activity is crucial for designing efficient catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To produce and characterize ordered arrays of platinum catalyst nanoparticles with controlled morphologies.
  • To correlate microscopic structural features with macroscopic catalytic activity.
  • To investigate the role of different crystallographic facets in the oxygen reduction reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Epitaxial growth of platinum nanoparticles on strontium titanate substrates ((111), (100), (110)).
  • Utilizing electron beam lithography for precise nanoparticle array fabrication.
  • Electrochemical evaluation of catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Main Results:

  • Millions of morphologically identical platinum nanoparticles were successfully produced in ordered arrays.
  • Catalytic activity varied with different ratios of (111) and (100) facets.
  • Increased activity suggests a cooperative effect between facets with differing oxygen affinities.

Conclusions:

  • The surface area of (100) facets is a critical factor in catalyst performance for oxygen reduction.
  • Facet engineering of platinum catalysts offers a pathway to improved fuel cell efficiency.
  • Cooperative interplay between different crystal facets enhances catalytic reactivity.