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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...

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Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
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Antimicrobial therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Neil Bhattacharyya1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. neiloy@massmed.org

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|April 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Antimicrobial therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) shows mixed results. Macrolide antibiotics show promise before surgery, while topical antibiotics are effective post-surgery, but antifungals offer limited benefit.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial therapy is a standard treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • The roles of bacterial and fungal infections in CRS pathogenesis are debated.
  • Isolation of microbes from CRS patients does not always correlate with treatment success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • To assess the role of bacterial and fungal infections in CRS.
  • To provide insights into appropriate antimicrobial strategies for CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on antimicrobial use in CRS.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes associated with bacterial and fungal treatments.
  • Evaluation of topical versus systemic antimicrobial approaches.

Main Results:

  • Macrolide antibiotics demonstrate potential efficacy for pre-surgical CRS treatment.
  • Topical antibiotics are effective and safe for acute bacterial exacerbations post-surgery, potentially preventing resistance.
  • Topical antifungal treatment for CRS shows limited benefit, especially pre-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of microbial infections in CRS pathophysiology.
  • Antimicrobial choices, dosing, and duration require further investigation for optimal CRS management.
  • Current evidence suggests a nuanced approach to antimicrobial therapy in CRS, differentiating pre- and post-surgical applications.