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Squamous cell carcinoma and lingual thyroid.

R P Bukachevsky1, J D Casler, J Oliver

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, NY.

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|August 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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This case report details the first known instance of squamous cell carcinoma developing in lingual thyroid tissue. Surgical resection was successful, confirming cancer originating in the tongue base over a benign thyroid mass.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Lingual thyroid is a rare congenital anomaly where thyroid tissue is located at the base of the tongue.
  • Malignancies arising in ectopic thyroid tissue are exceptionally rare, with no documented cases in lingual thyroid tissue prior to this report.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with an exophytic mass at the base of the tongue.
  • Clinical examination, CT imaging, and biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the midline base of the tongue.
  • The carcinoma was found to be directly overlying a benign lingual thyroid mass.

Findings:

  • The final pathology report confirmed squamous cell carcinoma arising from the base of tongue mucosa, intimately associated with the underlying benign lingual thyroid tissue.
  • Surgical resection via a midline labiomandibulo glossal split was performed.

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  • Post-operative thyroid function tests indicated hypothyroidism, and a thyroid scan confirmed the absence of normal thyroid tissue in the expected location.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential for squamous cell carcinoma to arise in association with lingual thyroid tissue, a previously undocumented occurrence.
    • It underscores the importance of thorough histopathological examination of base of tongue masses, especially when ectopic tissue is present.
    • Management requires consideration of both the malignancy and the implications of removing the lingual thyroid tissue, potentially leading to hypothyroidism.