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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

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Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
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Published on: July 15, 2009

Infections in combat casualties during Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom.

Clinton K Murray1, Kenneth Wilkins, Nancy C Molter

  • 1Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA. Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil

The Journal of Trauma
|April 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Infections are common complications of combat injuries. A review of the Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR) found approximately one-third of patients experienced infectious complications, with skin/wound infections and gram-negative bacteria being most frequent.

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Published on: July 15, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Military Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Infections are frequent acute and chronic complications of combat injuries.
  • No systematic assessment of infections in US combat casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan had been conducted.
  • The Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR) was established to gather injury-specific data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess infectious complications (IC) in US combat casualties.
  • To analyze infection rates and associated factors using the JTTR.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed the JTTR for IC identification using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes.
  • Analyzed data from two phases of the wars in Iraq (pre- and post-major ground operations).
  • Defined IC as the presence of both anatomic/clinical syndrome and pathogen ICD-9 codes.

Main Results:

  • Approximately one-third of patients (425 in Phase I, 684 in Phase II) had an IC.
  • Most common syndromes: skin/wound infections; most common pathogen: gram-negative bacteria.
  • Infection rates varied by injury site (spine/back 53%, head/neck 44%, torso 43%, extremity 35%); Injury Severity Score and explosive devices were associated with IC.

Conclusions:

  • Infections are a significant concern following combat-related injuries.
  • The JTTR provides valuable data but requires enhanced capture and specificity for improved infection care.
  • Further data refinement is crucial for optimizing management of combat-related infections.