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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA Interference01:23

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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example
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Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example

Published on: December 3, 2014

Toward a structural understanding of IRES RNA function.

Megan E Filbin1, Jeffrey S Kieft

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Mail Stop 8101, PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|April 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) drive cap-independent translation. Viral IRES structural diversity challenges cohesive models, but suggests structure stability correlates inversely with required factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Protein synthesis initiates via cap-dependent or cap-independent mechanisms.
  • Cap-independent translation relies on internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in viral and cellular RNAs.
  • IRES structural diversity complicates understanding their function-structure relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between IRES structure and function.
  • To investigate the diversity of IRES mechanisms.
  • To inform models of IRES function based on structural data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing structural data for viral IRESs.
  • Correlation analysis between IRES structural stability and factor dependency.
  • Comparative analysis of viral and cellular IRES features.

Main Results:

  • Viral IRESs exhibit significant structural diversity.
  • Data suggest an inverse correlation between IRES RNA structural stability and the number of required protein factors.
  • Structural insights from viral IRESs may aid understanding of cellular IRESs.

Conclusions:

  • Developing a unified model for IRES function requires addressing structural diversity.
  • Viral IRES structural properties offer preliminary insights into their mechanism.
  • Further structural data on cellular IRESs are crucial for comprehensive understanding.