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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Published on: August 30, 2012

Terahertz birefringence for orientation analysis.

Christian Jördens1, Maik Scheller, Matthias Wichmann

  • 1Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. ch.joerdens@tu-bs.de

Applied Optics
|April 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to map the inner structural anisotropy of birefringent materials. Rutile crystals showed the highest birefringence, demonstrating the technique

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Birefringent materials exhibit polarization-dependent optical properties.
  • Understanding inner structural anisotropy is crucial for material characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for mapping the anisotropy of birefringent samples.
  • To utilize terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for detailed structural analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Employing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).
  • Developing an algorithm based on temporal waveform and impulse response analysis.
  • Testing the method on diverse materials: crystals, plastics, and natural products.

Main Results:

  • Successfully mapped the inner structural anisotropy of various birefringent materials.
  • Observed the largest birefringence in a rutile crystal, with a refractive index difference (Deltan) of 3.3 at 1 THz.
  • Validated the algorithm's effectiveness across different material classes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed THz-TDS method provides an effective way to probe and map material anisotropy.
  • Rutile crystal exhibits significant birefringence at terahertz frequencies.
  • This technique offers potential for advanced material science and quality control applications.