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Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Transplantation into the Anterior Chamber of the Eye for Longitudinal, Non-invasive In vivo Imaging with Single-cell Resolution in Real-time
05:54

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Published on: March 10, 2013

Second Ahmed valve insertion in the same eye.

Michael Smith1, Yvonne M Buys, Graham E Trope

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. mic.smith@utoronto.ca

Journal of Glaucoma
|April 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Second Ahmed glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in refractory glaucoma patients. This procedure offers a safe option for those with uncontrolled IOP despite prior GDD implantation.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Surgery
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Refractory glaucoma often requires multiple interventions.
  • Glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) are used when medical therapy fails.
  • Previous GDD implantation may not achieve sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a second Ahmed glaucoma drainage device (GDD) insertion in the same eye.
  • To assess outcomes in patients with refractory glaucoma uncontrolled by maximal medical therapy and a prior GDD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis.
  • Inclusion of 19 patients with at least 1-year follow-up after a second Ahmed GDD surgery.
  • Review of intraocular pressure, medication use, and visual acuity.

Main Results:

  • Significant IOP reduction of 43% at 12 months and 42% at final follow-up.
  • Reduced need for glaucoma medications (2.4-2.6 postoperatively vs. 4.1 preoperatively).
  • 84.2% success rate (IOP ≤21 mm Hg and ≥20% decrease) with minimal complications.

Conclusions:

  • Second Ahmed GDD surgery is a safe and effective treatment for refractory glaucoma.
  • This procedure provides sustained IOP control in eyes with prior GDD failure.