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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Herbal Munziq Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation
09:53

Herbal Munziq Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation

Published on: January 10, 2025

Acute mirizzi syndrome.

Michael D Kelly1

  • 1Department of Upper GI Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom. Michael.Kelly@NBT.nhs.uk

JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
|April 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mirizzi syndrome, a rare bile duct obstruction, can be diagnosed with ERCP and managed laparoscopically. This case highlights successful retrograde cholecystectomy for impacted gallstones causing jaundice.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Herbal Munziq Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation
09:53

Herbal Munziq Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation

Published on: January 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatobiliary Surgery

Background:

  • Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of gallstones causing common hepatic duct obstruction and jaundice.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging, with varied management approaches including open surgery.

Observation:

  • A 67-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice.
  • Ultrasound showed a dilated bile duct, but the gallbladder was not visualized.
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) confirmed Mirizzi syndrome.

Findings:

  • ERCP allowed diagnosis and placement of a stent below the obstruction, facilitating primary duct closure.
  • Laparoscopic retrograde cholecystectomy (fundus-first) was successfully performed using a laparoscopic liver retractor.

Implications:

  • Acute Mirizzi syndrome should be considered in patients with acute cholecystitis and jaundice.
  • ERCP is valuable for diagnosis, stenting to relieve jaundice, and surgical planning.
  • Laparoscopic ultrasound aids in locating impacted stones during minimally invasive surgery.