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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
12:19

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks

Published on: November 10, 2016

Multiple human single-stranded DNA binding proteins function in genome maintenance: structural, biochemical and

Derek J Richard1, Emma Bolderson, Kum Kum Khanna

  • 1Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|April 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is vulnerable, necessitating protection by ssDNA binding proteins (SSBs). Recent discoveries reveal new human SSBs, expanding our understanding beyond replication protein A (RPA).

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
12:19

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Published on: November 10, 2016

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA typically exists as a double helix, protected by base pairing.
  • Separation into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) occurs during vital processes like replication and transcription, rendering it vulnerable.
  • Single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs) are crucial for protecting ssDNA and mediating cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological pathways involving human single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs).
  • To discuss the roles of newly identified human SSBs in DNA metabolism.
  • To highlight the importance of SSBs in maintaining genomic stability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent discoveries in human SSB research.
  • Analysis of the functional roles and evolutionary relationships of SSBs.
  • Discussion of the involvement of SSBs in DNA replication, repair, and recombination.

Main Results:

  • All known SSBs utilize an oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide binding (OB)-fold domain for DNA binding.
  • Two new human SSBs, homologous to bacterial and archaeal SSBs, have been identified.
  • Replication protein A (RPA) was previously considered the sole human SSB equivalent.

Conclusions:

  • Human cells possess multiple SSBs with diverse roles in DNA metabolism.
  • Understanding human SSBs is critical for comprehending DNA repair and replication fidelity.
  • Further research into the specific functions of human SSBs will illuminate their importance in genomic maintenance.