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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Does chromatin remodeling mark systemic acquired resistance?

Harrold A van den Burg1, Frank L W Takken

  • 1Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Trends in Plant Science
|April 17, 2009
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Summary

Plant immune responses involve systemic acquired resistance (SAR), regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and chromatin remodeling. SUMOylation controls chromatin modifiers, priming plant defenses against pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Plant immune responses involve local defenses and systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
  • Salicylic acid (SA) is crucial for SAR, inducing SA-responsive gene expression.
  • Gene expression changes are linked to chromatin remodeling, including histone modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a model where chromatin remodeling controls SA-responsive gene expression.
  • To investigate the role of SUMOylation in regulating chromatin-modifying complexes.
  • To understand how chromatin remodeling primes plant defenses for pathogen attack.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes to SA-responsive loci.
  • Analyzing the role of SUMO (SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER) in basal repression.
  • Examining the impact of SUMO conjugation on chromatin-modifying and transcription complexes.

Main Results:

  • A model is proposed where chromatin modifiers regulate basal and SA-induced expression of SA-responsive genes.
  • SUMOylation is identified as essential for the basal repression of these loci.
  • Chromatin remodeling is suggested to prime SA-responsive loci for enhanced reactivation.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin remodeling, regulated by SUMOylation, plays a key role in plant immunity.
  • This mechanism allows for the priming of plant defenses, leading to enhanced responses upon re-exposure to pathogens.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms can inform strategies for improving crop resistance to diseases.