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Test Cross01:39

Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
Test Cross01:39

Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing over01:34

Crossing over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

Backcross breeding.

Karla E Vogel1

  • 1Monsanto, 3302 SE Convenience Blvd., Ankeny, IA 50021, USA. kevogel@monsanto.com

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Backcross breeding efficiently transfers traits using marker technology. This method accelerates the recovery of desired recurrent parent genes while minimizing donor parent genetic material.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
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Area of Science:

  • Plant breeding
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Backcross breeding is a key technique for transferring specific genetic traits.
  • Traditional backcrossing can be time-consuming, especially for recessive traits.
  • Donor parent (DP) genes need to be efficiently removed while retaining recurrent parent (RP) genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the process and timeline of backcross breeding.
  • To highlight the impact of gene dominance on breeding duration.
  • To emphasize the role of marker technology in improving backcrossing efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Calculating gene removal and recovery rates based on backcross generations.
  • Describing the seasonal requirements for dominant and recessive gene transfer.
  • Discussing the application of marker-assisted selection in backcrossing.

Main Results:

  • Dominant gene transfer requires approximately seven seasons (four backcross rounds).
  • Recessive gene transfer necessitates more generations, extending the timeline to nine or more seasons.
  • Marker technology significantly enhances the rate of DP gene removal and RP gene recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Backcross breeding is essential for trait introgression.
  • Marker technology revolutionizes backcrossing by enabling precise control over gene of interest and genetic background.
  • Modern techniques substantially reduce the time and resources needed for successful trait transfer in crop improvement.