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Related Concept Videos

Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...
Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the prevalence of...
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Implicit Personality Theories

Implicit personality theory explains how individuals make assumptions about the relationships between personality traits, behaviors, and character types. When people learn that someone possesses a particular trait, they tend to infer the presence of other related characteristics, forming a cohesive impression. This cognitive shortcut plays a crucial role in social interactions and interpersonal judgments.Central Traits and Their InfluenceSolomon Asch's seminal 1946 study highlighted the power...

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Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task
12:10

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Published on: March 4, 2022

Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning.

Christopher R Jones1, Russell H Fazio, Michael A Olson

  • 1Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1287, USA.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|April 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluative conditioning (EC) can occur implicitly. Misattributing evaluations to neutral objects, especially when stimuli are visually confusable, enhances attitude change.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Evaluative conditioning (EC) describes attitude formation/change via stimulus pairing.
  • Implicit mechanisms of EC are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of implicit misattribution in EC.
  • To identify conditions that facilitate misattribution and enhance EC.

Main Methods:

  • Five studies manipulated source confusability (e.g., eye gaze, proximity, salience).
  • Evaluative responses to valenced stimuli were implicitly attributed to neutral stimuli.
  • Mildly vs. strongly evocative stimuli were compared in Study 5.

Main Results:

  • Increased EC correlated with conditions promoting misattribution (e.g., frequent gaze shifts, close proximity, higher salience of neutral stimuli).
  • Source confusability significantly enhanced EC.
  • Evidence for multiple EC mechanisms, including misattribution, was found.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit misattribution is a key mechanism driving EC.
  • Factors increasing source confusability enhance EC.
  • EC involves multiple pathways, influenced by stimulus properties.