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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Non-equilibrium in the Cell01:16

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
Cell Potential and Free Energy02:58

Cell Potential and Free Energy

Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications
16:30

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications

Published on: October 1, 2007

CELLULAR OPEN RESOURCE (COR): current status and future directions.

Alan Garny1, Denis Noble, Peter J Hunter

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK. alan.garny@dpag.ox.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|April 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Cellular Open Resource (COR) provides a user-friendly, efficient environment for creating and sharing biological models using CellML standards. It supports modellers, experimentalists, teachers, and students, fostering collaboration in physiological sciences.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiological modeling
  • Computational biology
  • Scientific software development

Background:

  • The International Union of Physiological Sciences Physiome Project highlighted the need for biological model sharing tools.
  • CellML specifications were released in 2001 to standardize biological model descriptions.
  • Early adoption of CellML led to the development of collaborative modeling environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the Cellular Open Resource (COR) philosophy and design.
  • Detail the user interface and functionality of the COR platform.
  • Discuss lessons learned and future potential for COR.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a CellML-based modeling and collaboration environment.
  • Integration of a user-friendly interface with an efficient numerical engine.
  • Iterative development based on user feedback and experienced challenges.

Main Results:

  • COR established as the first publicly available CellML-based modeling and collaboration environment.
  • The platform is designed for diverse users including modellers, experimentalists, teachers, and students.
  • COR facilitates editing and running of CellML files within a unified environment.

Conclusions:

  • COR's design philosophy prioritizes accessibility and computational efficiency.
  • User feedback has been integral to COR's development and refinement.
  • Future development aims to expand COR's capabilities and user base in biological modeling.