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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

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Published on: January 29, 2020

Entropic evidence for linguistic structure in the Indus script.

Rajesh P N Rao1, Nisha Yadav, Mayank N Vahia

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. rao@cs.washington.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The Indus script

Area of Science:

  • Indus Valley Civilization studies
  • Linguistics
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • The Indus script, used by the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, remains undeciphered.
  • Recent scholarly debate questions whether the script represents a linguistic system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide quantitative evidence supporting the linguistic hypothesis of the Indus script.
  • To analyze the statistical properties of the Indus script and compare them to known linguistic and non-linguistic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of conditional entropy for the Indus script.
  • Comparison of the script's conditional entropy with that of natural languages.
  • Comparison of the script's conditional entropy with that of various non-linguistic systems (e.g., random sequences, artificial codes).

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Main Results:

  • The conditional entropy of the Indus script more closely aligns with the patterns observed in natural human languages.
  • The script's statistical properties differ significantly from those of non-linguistic systems tested.

Conclusions:

  • The findings offer strong support for the long-standing hypothesis that the Indus script encodes a natural language.
  • This quantitative analysis provides a new avenue for future research into deciphering the Indus script.