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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Retinal deimination in aging and disease.

Sanjoy K Bhattacharya¹

¹Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA. sbhattacharya@med.miami.edu

|April 25, 2009

Summary

Deimination, the conversion of arginine to citrulline catalyzed by Peptidylarginine deiminase type 2 (PAD2), occurs throughout the retina. While PAD2 decreases with aging, it increases in neurodegenerative diseases, requiring further study.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Neuroscience
Ophthalmology

Background:

Deimination is a posttranslational modification converting arginine to citrulline.
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 2 (PAD2) is the primary enzyme catalyzing deimination in the retina.
PAD2 and deimination are present in multiple retinal layers, including the RPE, photoreceptors, and RGC layer.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of deimination and PAD2 in retinal physiology and disease.
To understand the contrasting expression patterns of PAD2 in normal aging versus neurodegenerative conditions.

Main Methods:

The abstract does not specify methods used, but implies analysis of PAD2 expression and deimination levels in retinal tissues.
Comparative analysis between normal aging and disease states.

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Main Results:

Retinal deimination and PAD2 expression decrease during normal aging.
Conversely, elevated PAD2 expression and deimination are observed in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions:

Deimination plays a complex role in the retina, with altered expression in aging and disease.
The precise physiological and pathological functions of retinal deimination, particularly in glaucoma, require further elucidation.