Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
Published on: November 15, 2013
Naturalness of CP violation in the standard model
Gary W Gibbons1, Steffen Gielen, C N Pope
1Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK.
Abstract:
We construct a natural measure on the space of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices in the standard model, assuming the fermion mass matrices are randomly selected from a distribution which incorporates the observed quark mass hierarchy. This measure allows us to assess the likelihood of Jarlskog's CP violation parameter J taking its observed value J approximately 3 x 10(-5). We find that the observed value, while well below the mathematically allowed maximum, is in fact typical once the observed quark masses are assumed.
Related Concept Videos
Conservation of Mass in Finite Cotrol Volume
A system is defined as a collection of unchanging contents, and the conservation of mass states that a system's mass is constant.
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States
The Pauli Exclusion Principle
Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
Second Uniqueness Theorem
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the surface...
Lenz's Law
If a bar magnet is moved toward a coil such that the magnetic flux through the coil...

