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Birth weight and optic nerve head parameters.

Chameen Samarawickrama1, Son C Huynh, Gerald Liew

  • 1Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Ophthalmology
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
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Low birth weight and smaller fetal growth are linked to larger optic cup-to-disc ratios in 12-year-olds. This suggests fetal growth restriction may impact optic nerve health and glaucoma risk.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The relationship between intrauterine growth and optic nerve head parameters is not fully understood.
  • Assessing optic disc parameters in children can provide insights into long-term ocular health.
  • Fetal growth restriction may have lasting effects on ocular development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birth measurements (birth weight, length, head circumference) and optic disc parameters in children.
  • To evaluate optic disc and cup diameters, and their ratio using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  • To determine if markers of intrauterine growth impact optic nerve head morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 2134 children aged 12 from the Sydney Childhood Eye Study.

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  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure optic disc and cup parameters.
  • Birth measurements were obtained from health records; logistic and mixed models were used for analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Low birth weight was associated with decreased vertical disc diameter and increased cup diameter and cup/disc ratio.
    • Adjusted analyses confirmed birth weight's association with optic disc and cup size, and cup/disc ratio.
    • Smaller birth length and head circumference were also linked to larger cup/disc ratios.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced fetal growth, indicated by low birth weight, length, or head circumference, is associated with larger optic cup-to-disc ratios at age 12.
    • Fetal growth restriction may negatively affect optic nerve head development.
    • These findings highlight a potential link between early growth and future risk of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.