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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

Inhaled nitric oxide in the neonate.

R F Soll1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA. Roger.Soll@vtmednet.org

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|April 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) improves oxygenation in term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension but offers limited benefit for those with congenital diaphragmatic hernia or preterm infants with respiratory issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator used in neonatal respiratory failure.
  • Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a critical condition in term infants.
  • Preterm infants often experience respiratory challenges with pulmonary vascular resistance components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in term and preterm infants with respiratory failure.
  • To assess iNO's impact on oxygenation and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
  • To determine iNO's effectiveness in specific neonatal conditions like PPHN and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data on iNO administration in term and preterm infants.
  • Analysis of oxygenation indices and ECMO requirements in infants treated with iNO.
  • Comparison of iNO treatment outcomes across different neonatal respiratory conditions.

Main Results:

  • Term infants with PPHN showed improved oxygenation and reduced ECMO need with iNO.
  • Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) demonstrated minimal clinical benefit from iNO.
  • Preterm infants exhibited limited benefits from iNO, both early and late in their disease course.

Conclusions:

  • iNO is effective for term infants with PPHN, improving oxygenation and reducing ECMO use.
  • iNO provides little clinical benefit for infants with CDH.
  • The utility of iNO in preterm infants for respiratory failure or chronic lung disease prevention is limited.