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Related Concept Videos

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

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Published on: May 15, 2017

Liquid crystal based electrically switchable Bragg structure for THz waves.

Rafal Wilk1, Nico Vieweg, Olaf Kopschinski

  • 1Institute for High-Frequency Technology, Braunschweig, Germany. r.wilk@menlosystems.com

Optics Express
|April 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the first electronically switchable Bragg structure for terahertz (THz) frequencies. This novel device functions as a tunable stop-band filter and mirror, controlled by electric fields manipulating liquid crystals.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Terahertz (THz) Science and Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Terahertz (THz) frequencies present unique challenges for electromagnetic wave manipulation.
  • Existing THz filters and mirrors often lack dynamic tunability.
  • Liquid crystals offer potential for electrically controlled optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first electronically switchable Bragg structure operating at THz frequencies.
  • To investigate the structure's performance as a tunable stop-band filter and mirror.
  • To validate experimental results with theoretical calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Bragg structure incorporating liquid crystal elements.
  • Application of an external electric field to reorient liquid crystal molecules.
  • Measurement of the structure's spectral response (stop-band characteristics) around 300 GHz.
  • Comparison of experimental data with transfer matrix method calculations.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of an electronically switchable Bragg structure for THz waves.
  • Observation of a 60 GHz wide stop-band centered around 300 GHz.
  • Complete removal of the stop-band upon application of an electric field, confirming electronic tunability.
  • Excellent agreement between experimental measurements and transfer matrix calculations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Bragg structure represents a significant advancement in tunable THz optical components.
  • The electronic switching mechanism provides dynamic control over THz wave propagation.
  • This technology holds promise for applications in THz filtering, modulation, and beam steering.