Frontonasal dysplasia: a family presenting autosomal dominant inheritance pattern

Frontonasal dysplasia (FND, also called frontonasal dysostosis or median cleft face syndrome) includes a spectrum of abnormalities affecting the eyes, forehead and nose, and resulting from midfacial dysraphia. The clinical picture is highly variable, but major findings in FND include ocular hypertelorism, a broad nasal root, median cleft affecting nose or both the nose and upper lip, and widow's peak. It is usually a sporadic disorder, although a few familial cases have been reported. We report here a three-generation family with multiple affected members with frontonasal dysplasia. This observation suggests autosomal dominant inheritance. Furthermore, some of the features e.g. over-riding toes, nail changes, vertical crease on plantar region of the feet in the index patient were not reported up to now.