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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats
08:07

Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats

Published on: August 24, 2016

Fructose and satiety.

Timothy H Moran1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. tmoran@jhmi.edu

The Journal of Nutrition
|May 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary fructose intake, including high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), is linked to obesity. However, evidence that fructose is less satiating than glucose is not compelling, with effects depending on experimental conditions.

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Published on: June 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Metabolic Research
  • Obesity Studies

Background:

  • The proposed role of increased dietary fructose and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the obesity epidemic warrants investigation.
  • Fructose and glucose exhibit distinct physiological processing, including gastric emptying, absorption, endocrine responses, and metabolic pathways.
  • These differences suggest potential for differential impacts on food intake and satiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the evidence regarding the differential effects of fructose and glucose on food intake and satiety.
  • To determine if fructose or HFCS are inherently less satiating than glucose or sucrose, respectively.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of experimental studies examining the effects of fructose and glucose on eating behavior in humans and model systems.
  • Consideration of various experimental factors, including timing of administration, form of sugar (pure vs. preload), and preload volume.

Main Results:

  • Inconsistent findings exist regarding the impact of fructose versus glucose on food intake.
  • Observed differences in food intake are often attributable to experimental variables rather than intrinsic properties of the sugars.
  • Factors such as preload volume and timing relative to a test meal significantly influence outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The assertion that fructose is less satiating than glucose is not strongly supported by current evidence.
  • High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is not compellingly less satiating than sucrose.
  • Experimental conditions, not inherent saccharide properties, appear to drive many observed differential effects on food intake.