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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System
15:49

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

Published on: October 16, 2013

Transcolonic NOTES: Current experience and potential implications for urologic applications.

Eun Ji Shin1, Anthony N Kalloo

  • 1The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.

Journal of Endourology
|May 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) merges surgery and endoscopy for less invasive procedures. This exploration focuses on the transcolonic approach, potentially reducing patient trauma in abdominal interventions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System
15:49

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

Published on: October 16, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures

Background:

  • Surgery has evolved from open laparotomy to laparoscopy.
  • Gastrointestinal endoscopy now includes surgical techniques like pseudocyst drainage.
  • Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) represents a convergence of these fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of NOTES as a paradigm shift in minimally invasive surgery and interventional endoscopy.
  • To investigate the transcolonic approach for intra-abdominal procedures via a natural orifice.
  • To highlight the applicability of NOTES in reducing patient morbidity and procedural trauma, particularly in urology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES).
  • Focus on procedures performed through natural orifices (mouth, anus, vagina, urethra).
  • Specific examination of the transcolonic approach to the peritoneal cavity.

Main Results:

  • NOTES procedures are increasingly reported via transgastric, transcolonic, transvaginal, and transvesical routes.
  • The transcolonic approach offers a pathway for intra-abdominal interventions.
  • NOTES has the potential to become integral to minimally invasive surgery.

Conclusions:

  • NOTES signifies a potential paradigm shift, merging surgical and endoscopic techniques.
  • Further research is needed to establish the feasibility, safety, and clinical applicability of NOTES.
  • The transcolonic approach is a key area for future development in minimally invasive abdominal surgery.