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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Current concepts in gynaecomastia.

H L Devalia¹, G T Layer

¹Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust and University of Surrey, Egerton Road, Guildford. hareshdevalia@doctors.org.uk

The Surgeon : Journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland

|May 5, 2009

Summary

Gynaecomastia, a common breast condition, requires thorough evaluation and individualized treatment. Management options include medical or surgical interventions based on patient symptoms, underlying causes, and disease progression.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
General Surgery
Oncology

Background:

Gynaecomastia is a prevalent breast condition in men.
Accurate diagnosis necessitates comprehensive patient history, physical examination, and targeted investigations.
Management strategies should address the underlying etiology, symptoms, and the condition itself.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for managing gynaecomastia.
To delineate the indications for medical and surgical interventions.
To emphasize the importance of patient counseling in the management of gynaecomastia.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical guidelines and literature on gynaecomastia management.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria including history, examination, and investigations.
Evaluation of treatment modalities: medical and surgical options.

Main Results:

Individualized treatment plans are crucial for effective gynaecomastia management.
Medical therapy is often preferred for symptomatic cases.
Surgical intervention is indicated for treatment failures, drug side effects, malignancy concerns, or significant cosmetic distress.

Conclusions:

A systematic approach to gynaecomastia, integrating medical and surgical expertise, ensures optimal patient outcomes.
Pre-operative counseling is vital for managing patient expectations and minimizing potential litigation.
Further research may refine treatment algorithms for specific subgroups of patients with gynaecomastia.