[Pseudo-hyperkalaemia and chronical lymphoïd leukaemia: about one observation]

Area of Science:

• Clinical Biochemistry
• Hematology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Elevated venous potassium (hyperkalemia) can lead to critical treatment decisions.
• Accurate potassium measurement is crucial for patient management, especially in emergency settings.

Observation:

• An 82-year-old female presented with heart failure symptoms and a venous potassium of 7.4 mmol/L.
• A significant discrepancy was noted between venous and arterial potassium levels.
• The patient had marked leukocytosis (561 G/L) due to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Findings:

• High leukocytosis and fragile white blood cells, exacerbated by sample transport, caused pseudohyperkalemia.
• Effective communication between laboratory and clinical teams identified the discrepancy, preventing inappropriate treatment.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering pre-analytical factors, such as leukocytosis and sample handling, in interpreting potassium results.
• It emphasizes the need for collaborative communication between clinicians and biologists to ensure accurate diagnosis and patient care.
• Understanding causes of pseudohyperkalemia is vital for appropriate patient management and avoiding unnecessary interventions.