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Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.

Damien A Fair1, Alexander L Cohen, Jonathan D Power

  • 1Behavioral Neuroscience Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. damien.fair@aya.yale.edu

Plos Computational Biology
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain network organization matures from local anatomical connections in children to a distributed architecture in adults. This developmental shift impacts cognitive function and neural system development.

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Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
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Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
08:06

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

Published on: February 15, 2021

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol
10:14

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Published on: May 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The mature human brain comprises specialized functional networks crucial for cognition.
  • Understanding the developmental principles guiding brain network maturation is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental changes in functional brain network organization.
  • To identify general principles of functional connectivity maturation across development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI).
  • Applied graph analysis, community detection, and spring-embedding visualization.
  • Analyzed four distinct functional networks across developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Observed a developmental trend towards increased 'integration' (long-range connections) and 'segregation' (short-range connections).
  • Childhood networks show organization based on anatomical proximity; adult networks reflect functional relationships.
  • Both children and adults exhibit 'small-world' network properties, but community structures differ significantly.

Conclusions:

  • Brain functional network organization shifts from a local, anatomically-based structure in children to a distributed, functionally-based architecture in adults.
  • This 'local to distributed' shift has significant implications for understanding cognitive development.
  • Despite differing organizational principles, both age groups possess efficient information processing systems.