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Related Concept Videos

Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and solid...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

Histology of the Large Intestine

The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
The innermost mucosa layer comprises simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. This layer is primarily populated with absorptive cells, tasked with water absorption, and goblet cells, responsible for secreting mucus to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)
12:37

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Published on: September 11, 2012

[Colonic carcinoma].

Pia Osterlund1, Anna Lepistö, Heikki J Järvinen

  • 1HYKS:n syöpätautien klinikka, HUS.

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
|May 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colonic carcinoma, a common cancer, is treated with surgery. Pre-operative scans and carcinoembryonic antigen tests guide treatment decisions for this widespread malignancy.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Context:

  • Colonic carcinoma ranks as the third most prevalent cancer in Finland.
  • Key indicators include altered bowel habits and rectal bleeding.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic and surgical management of colonic carcinoma.
  • To describe the role of pre-operative assessments and post-operative chemotherapy.

Summary:

  • Colonic carcinoma management involves colonoscopy, CT scans, and carcinoembryonic antigen level determination.
  • Surgical resection of the affected colon segment and mesocolon is the primary treatment.
  • Postoperative chemotherapy is considered if lymph node or distant metastases are identified.

Impact:

  • This approach ensures radical local excision and informs adjuvant therapy decisions.
  • Highlights the multidisciplinary approach to colonic cancer care.