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Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Early top-down control of visual processing predicts working memory performance.

Aaron M Rutman¹, Wesley C Clapp, James Z Chadick

¹University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

|May 6, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Selective attention enhances working memory (WM) by modulating early brain activity. The P100 brainwave during encoding directly predicts later working memory recognition performance.

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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

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Published on: April 16, 2014

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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuroscience of Attention and Memory

Background:

Selective attention improves perceptual and working memory (WM) performance.
This benefit is often linked to top-down neural processing modulation.
The direct link between early sensory cortex activity modulation and subsequent WM performance remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of selective attention on working memory recognition.
To examine the temporal dynamics of top-down modulation during selective encoding.
To establish the relationship between early neural activity and WM performance.

Main Methods:

Used electroencephalography (EEG) in a selective, delayed-recognition paradigm.
Participants viewed overlapped images (faces and scenes) and focused on one.
Measured early event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the P100 component.

Main Results:

The degree of P100 modulation (97-129 msec) during selective encoding correlated significantly with subsequent WM recognition.
This finding demonstrates a direct link between early attentional modulation and memory performance.
Early sensory processing modulation is a key mechanism underlying attention's benefit to WM.

Conclusions:

Early modulation of sensory processing by selective attention directly impacts working memory recognition.
The P100 component serves as a neural marker for attention's influence on memory encoding.
These findings highlight the mechanistic overlap between attention and memory systems.