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Related Concept Videos

Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae
06:32

Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae

Published on: June 29, 2021

[Haemophilus influenzae type b--active prevention].

Bozena Mikołuć1, Maria Piotrowska-Depta, Barbara Pietrucha

  • 1Klinika Pediatrii i Zaburzeń Rozwoju, Dzieci i Młodziezy Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku.

Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego
|May 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Haemophilus influenzae causes various infections, with type b (Hib) leading to severe childhood diseases like meningitis. Hib vaccinations are crucial for preventing invasive infections, especially in high-risk populations.

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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

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Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae
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Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae

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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Context:

  • Haemophilus influenzae encompasses encapsulated and non-encapsulated strains.
  • Non-encapsulated strains cause common infections like sinusitis and otitis.
  • Encapsulated type b (Hib) is a primary cause of invasive childhood diseases globally.

Purpose:

  • To present data on Haemophilus influenzae virulence and carrier states.
  • To detail the epidemiology of invasive Hib infections worldwide and in Poland.
  • To highlight the importance of Hib vaccination for prevention, focusing on at-risk groups.

Summary:

  • Haemophilus influenzae infections range from mild (sinusitis) to severe invasive diseases.
  • Type b (Hib) is responsible for critical childhood illnesses such as meningitis and pneumonia.
  • The article reviews virulence factors, epidemiology, and the role of Hib vaccination in disease control.

Impact:

  • Understanding Haemophilus influenzae pathogenesis is key to controlling infections.
  • Data on invasive Hib infections informs public health strategies and resource allocation.
  • Vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing severe Hib disease, reducing childhood morbidity and mortality.