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Perinatal lamb mortality--its investigation, causes and control.

K G Haughey

    Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
    |June 1, 1991
    PubMed
    Summary

    Investigating perinatal lamb loss requires precise methods like ultrasonic litter size determination. Birth stress and the starvation-mismothering-exposure (SME) complex are primary causes, necessitating improved flock management and breeding for resilience.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Science
    • Animal Husbandry
    • Perinatal Mortality Research

    Background:

    • Perinatal loss in grazing sheep flocks significantly impacts productivity.
    • Accurate investigation methods are crucial for understanding mortality causes.
    • Existing methods vary in precision and cost-effectiveness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and evaluate methods for investigating perinatal loss in sheep.
    • To identify the primary causes and contributing factors of lamb mortality.
    • To propose improved control and management strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing investigation techniques, including the 'wet-dry' method and ultrasonic litter size determination.
    • Veterinary field investigation involving lamb autopsy, historical data review (nutrition, disease, husbandry), and environmental assessment.
    • Pathological and pathophysiological analysis of birth stress and the starvation-mismothering-exposure (SME) complex.

    Main Results:

    • The 'wet-dry' method is simple for minimal prevalence; ultrasonic determination is most precise.
    • Pathological processes identified in >95% of deaths; specific causes in ~75%.
    • Birth stress and the SME complex account for at least 80% of mortality, with birth injury to the CNS being a key indicator.

    Conclusions:

    • Birth stress is a major factor in perinatal lamb mortality.
    • Heritable traits (birth mass, maternal dimensions, behavior) and environmental factors influence mortality.
    • Control requires selection for maternal ability, optimized nutrition, disease control, shelter, and husbandry that supports parent-offspring behavior.

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