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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

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Related Experiment Videos

Ureteral stents: past, present and future.

Evangelos Liatsikos1, Panagiotis Kallidonis, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, 26 500, Patras, Greece. liatsikos@yahoo.com

Expert Review of Medical Devices
|May 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Intraureteral stents have been vital in urology for 30 years, primarily using polymeric materials. Ongoing research focuses on new biomaterials and designs to address stent-related complications and improve patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Intraureteral tubular devices, commonly known as stents, have been utilized for three decades to maintain ureteral patency.
  • These devices are integral to contemporary urologic practice, with polymeric stents being the most prevalent type.
  • Metal stents are reserved for specific clinical indications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant contribution of intraureteral stents to modern urology.
  • To acknowledge the persistent challenges and adverse events associated with stent usage.
  • To emphasize the ongoing efforts in developing advanced biomaterials and improved stent designs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intraureteral stent technology.
  • Analysis of common stent materials (polymeric vs. metal) and their applications.
  • Identification of prevalent stent-related complications and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Polymeric stents are the most frequently employed type, while metal stents have niche applications.
  • Despite their utility, stent usage is associated with various complications.
  • Continuous innovation in biomaterials and stent design is actively pursued to mitigate these issues.

Conclusions:

  • Intraureteral stents are indispensable tools in urology, essential for maintaining ureteral patency.
  • Addressing stent-related adverse events through material science and design innovation remains a critical area of research.
  • Future developments aim to enhance the safety and efficacy of ureteral stenting procedures.