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Pulmonary disease in children with AIDS
1Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
Journal of Thoracic Imaging
|September 1, 1991
Summary
Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presents with various lung infections, including bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Radiographs show distinct patterns for these conditions, aiding diagnosis in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Radiology
Background:
- Children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often experience recurrent pneumonias or chronic illness.
- Chest radiography is crucial for diagnosing pulmonary manifestations in pediatric AIDS.
- An increasing incidence of pediatric AIDS is anticipated due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in women of childbearing age.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the radiographic findings of common pulmonary infections in children with AIDS.
- To differentiate between bacterial pneumonia and opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis pneumonia based on imaging.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of chest radiographs from pediatric patients diagnosed with AIDS.
- Analysis of radiographic patterns associated with specific pulmonary infections.
Main Results:
- Homogeneous densities on chest radiographs indicate staphylococcal or other pyogenic infections.
- Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia typically presents as a diffuse, symmetric, fine-to-medium reticulonodular pattern.
- Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, an index diagnosis for pediatric AIDS, may manifest as chronic, diffuse, small nodular infiltrates.
Conclusions:
- Radiographic patterns can help distinguish between different types of pneumonia in pediatric AIDS patients.
- Accurate interpretation of chest imaging is vital for managing pulmonary complications in children with AIDS.
- The rising number of pediatric AIDS cases necessitates a thorough understanding of its pulmonary manifestations.